Thinking heuristically, I conclude that Einstein assumed the supposed cause-and-effect relation of the deflection of light had to be reversed. This way, Einstein reasoned that gravity is caused by the curvature of radiation around celestial bodies and not the other way around.

This is of course unacceptable by itself because radiation does not curve without reason! But Einstein thought that radiation seems curved, if the space in which it is located is itself curved. And that's not all. In order to generate gravity, such a curved space has to be a special field: on the one hand, it has to be a field in which voltage or potential differences can emanate when radiation falls into it, while on the other hand, those potential differences have to generate a (gravitational) force.


The emergence of the required potential differences is only possible if space around celestial bodies consists of shells, like the skirts of an onion. For the development of gravity to take place, time has to play a role as well, because each force, including gravity
, is expressed in terms of 'kilogram x meters per second square'. (Earth's gravity is, for example, ± 9.8 kg.m / s2.) So in fact, what we are dealing with here are spacetime fields around celestial bodies, consisting of an infinite number of ultra-microscopic thin spacetime shells. Each shell then is a very thin two-dimensional spacetime.

Specific angle of refraction of the light rays

The point of these fields is that each spacetime shell has a specific curvature: the inner shells are more curved than the outer ones. This way, each shell attributes a specific refractive angle to the light rays. These different refractive angles cause each shell to have its own energy / voltage. Each shell is therefore an 'equipotential surface'. Subsequently one can calculate that inner shells have higher and outer shells have lower voltages.*

The sum of all potential differences is the so-called gravitational potential which determines the strength of gravity. For each shell applies that the more energy it contains, the faster the motion of a falling body can be.

The energy of every spacetime shell therefore, is specific because of its curvature. Because the speed of light is constant, it is the same in all shells. Therefore, the course of time in spacetime shells will have to be inversely proportional to their energy, implying that more to the periphery, time is increasingly running faster. Tthis way, the course time in each shell is specific and the speed of light in each shell can be the same. It therefore comes down to the fact that Einstein had to assume that the further a two-dimensional spacetime shell is removed from a celestial body, the faster time runs in relation to the course of time on the celestial body itself. From this follows that a body, under the influence of gravity, at least for its own feeling, is falling uniformly. After all: the faster the falling movement, the slower its course of time.
 

Spatially, spacetime shells are two-dimensional. In my book I show - it is beyond this introduction - that space and time dimensions are paired, and are squared to each other. That is why it is logical to state that spacetime shells have two time-dimensions in addition to two spatial dimensions. Furthermore, because spacetime shells are two-dimensional, it is also very logical to assume that they consist of two dimensions of space plus two of time (2 + 2).

Note 31 The aforementioned assumption of the space time fields around celestial bodies resulted ten years later when General Relativity Theory (1915) was launched, to three testable predictions: The frame dragging, the gravitational redshift and the gravitational time dilatation. The frame dragging was first established in 1918 by Josef Lense and Hans Thirring. Gravitational redshift was measured in 1959 by Robert Pound and Glen Rebka of Harvard University; it was not until 1971 before gravitational time dilation could be proved. The time of atomic clocks, arranged in aircraft at about ten kilometers altitude, turned out to be significantly faster than that of atomic clocks on the earth's surface. Nowadays it is even of practical importance that your GPS navigation system takes into account the difference in time between up and down.

Since from the above it is easy to deduce that these spacetime shells are produced by the celestial bodies themselves and exist 'infinitely' - I will come back to this in Part III of my book - it means the universe is actually saturated by them. Einstein thus discovered by chance that the world as we humans perceive it, is based on an abstract foundation of 2D spacetime shells. A foundation, therefore, which corresponds to what the eastern Sphere Observer concluded on the basis of his sensitivity-hypothesis, and which was called 'earlier world' in the Doctrine of the Elements, in order to distinguish it from the world we perceive, which was called the 'later world' (see Introduction Chinese natural theory §3). I consider these names so appropriate and clear, that I will continue to use them from now on, to make Western physics more transparent in this area.


Continue to: 5.2.2. Special Theory of Relativity saves physics

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